Yes, digitally zooming to 2x (note: several brands zoom by doubling the zoom from 1x to 2x, to 4x to 8x). reduces the resolution by 3/4. Using your example of 640x480 to 320x240, you aren't reducing resolution by 1/2 as you are dealing with area dimensions. Basically, you are going from 307200 pixels to 76800 pixels.
Going to 4x reduces it by 3/4 again, down to 19200 pixels. 8x gets you only 4800 pixels.
Why would digital zoom produce a better view? You won't get much of a 'better' view with such low resolution when you zoom in, but you can get some improvement. The image may appear to improve until which time you can visually detect pixel blocks or pixelation. In my experience, that starts to happen under the 320x240 where it becomes readily apparent.
However, 'better' is a matter of opinion. The image may not be better in terms of being able to identify the target, but if the target is identified, zooming can be very helpful in making it easier to place a shot on a specific part of the target. Unzoomed, your target at 200 yards may be largely covered by the crosshairs for example. Zooming allows the target view to grow in size while the crosshairs don't. So instead of aiming at the front end of the body, you can aim at the shoulder area, or maybe with more zoom aim just forward or behind the shoulder.
Daylight scope optics do not zoom digitally, but optically. You see the actual image and not an electronically rendered image. They use multiple lenses to make this happen and this is something not readily doable with thermal technology right now. As it was explained to me, if you want to zoom optically with digital, you need a different lens for the job (think military thermal gear on aircraft). If you start trying to use multiple germanium lenses as with a daylight scope and which would be needed for continuous zoom, I am told that the image will distort. As such, rifle scopes and such have a fixed optical resolution and only zoom digitally.