So if you would have placed your bullet correctly on the ram do you not think he would have died?? A shot through the lungs is going to be lethal any way you carve it. My statement above was that if you put your bullet in the vitals, your animal will be recovered (your 99% calculation). I don't mean to insult anyone, but with 4 experiences with VLD's after your Dall experience far from qualifies you as an expert in VLD bullet performance. "Of course I prefer a bullet that expands reliably on any solid body hit, 99% of the time. I've only shot about 4 large game animals with the 210 hunting VLDs to date, and I've already had one non-expander. Not what I was hoping for. "As for your bear you stated "I observed massive internal damage and the bear expired within seconds from this finishing shot. " Sounds like it worked good to me. If you were looking for an exit that in itself explains that you do not understand the theory behind the bullet.
My bullet on the ram was placed correctly. Right where I wanted it. Don't blame bullet placement for the failure of the bullet to expand.
A shot through the lungs with a non-expanding bullet may or may not be lethal. How can you know when the animal isn't retrieved, if it ended up being lethal or not? The same as how can you know the precise placement of the bullet without retrieval? And what good is a dead game animal if the length of time for the animal to expire means the animal isn't retrieved. I've related my experience with another Dall ram on this Forum, shot with another brand of bullet which also failed to expand. I shot the ram broadside at a distance of 13 yards - directly centering the lungs. This bullet didn't expand either. I watched the ram run down the mountainside and bed down a couple hundred yards away. I didn't shoot again for probably 20 minutes because I 'knew' the animal had to be running dead on its feet. I'd seen the red blood spot on the far side of the rib cage shortly after the shot. After way too much time had passed and the ram was still alive, I walked up to him. He was still able to jump up and charge off.
IF these rams - out on the wide open mountain sides had been bears - black, grizzly, or brown - which often are in close proximity to alders and brush, and which seem to have a much greater tenacity to cling on to life, I would most likely have lost two bears. There's very little option for a wounded Dall ram to escape from a competent long range rifleman. Which is why I'm willing to use a VLD on Dall rams, and not on grizzly bears or brown bears.