First off. Using a controlled expansion bullet is in most cases not necessary for deer, especially 100 Lb does. That being said, it is not right to lump all premium bullets together. A Barnes X or Nosler E-Tip do not act the same as a Scirocco or Nosler Accubond.
I did some testing on Barnes X's a while back. I was working with my then new 257 Roberts mountain rifle, trying to work up loads to replace my worn out 25-06. I had settled on 100 gr Hornadys as my favorite deer medicine in my 25-06 and had killed upwards of 50 deer with it and new what to expect on game. Never had any issues with it but seldom recovered intact bullets from deer. The ones I did recover, even if they looked like perfect mushrooms, weighed much less than their original weights, indicating core slipage. Most either exited on broadside shots or fragmented to some degree or the other. All resulted in dead deer. The only time excessive meat destruction was there was when I hit them in excessively meaty areas, but I digress.
I was interested in the Barnes X so I did some testing in wet newspapers against the Hornady 100 grainers. I shot them at various distances and then loaded them down to approximate long shots to see how they would open up. I even shot them in sand at close range. This is what I found.
At 100 yards the Hornady performed as expected. Due to the wet newspaper's consistent density without bones, they mushroomed perfectly with about 25% weight loss. The Barnes X's penetrated over 50% farther and retained 100% of their weight. Wound channels were 50% larger as well and had X shaped tears that extended even farther. The tears may not mean much in solid meat but in lungs I suspect they might. The curious and unexpected part for me was at low velocity approximating a 500 yard shot. The Hornady retained most of its weight but opened relatively little resulting is a narrow wound channel. The Barnes opened up beautifully with 100% of its weight with double the wound channel. Shots at 15 yards showed over 90% of its weight, losing a couple of petals, with devastating wound channels with deep penetration for the Barnes. The Hornady disintegrated with little penetration. Shots point blank into sand were predictable with the Hornady disintegrating and the Barnes X losing all its petals and retaining 2/3 of its weight.
What does all this mean? You don't need premium bullets to kill deer with anything but a shot at the south end of a north bound deer and even then it's iffy. Who would want to take that shot? Unfortunately, let's be honest, there are a lot of hunters that if they were faced with that shot at the trophy of a lifetime....they'd take the shot. Although a premium bullet might make the difference on that ill advised shot, where they really shine is on larger game or while stretching the performance of under power rounds on larger game.
I was dying to find out how my little Roberts would perform on larger game with my Barnes X loads. I decided to use it on my cow elk hunt. I shot a cow who was 100 yards off slightly quartering away behind the shoulder. She ran about 50 yards and lay down. I followed up with broad side shot behind the shoulder from about 50 yards that was really not needed. The bullet from the first shot was found under the hide behind the off shoulder and second shot was a complete pass through.
So, what do I use on deer. I use Nosler Accubonds which are a good compromise between the two. I use them on deer because I use them on elk and see no reason to be switching bullets. They hold together and penetrate better than standard bullets. I switched to them when Barnes switched to the first Triple shock X's. Their BC sucked and I didn't want to lose that much long range performance. They have since been redesigned and now have excellent BC's but I haven't seen the need to switch back. But, if I wanted the very best in penetration and wound channel performance, I would go back to the Barnes X or the new Nosler E-Tip.