Here in the states, are laws are usually determined by the individual states. Most states, maybe all, require a person take and pass a hunter's safety course which usually does not consist of a proficiency test. In the hunter's safety courses, shot placement and responsibility are emphasized. Beyond that, mentoring and peer pressure play a large role in hunting/shooting skills.
There are a lot of American hunters who believe that long range hunting is not ethical. These hunters think this way because they were taught that and they do have a sense of responsibility. In almost all cases, they do not have the training or experience to understand long range shooting. A lot of this thinking is also based on regional influences. In the Western and more open states, long shots to maybe 500 yds have been practiced for a long time. In more recent times with new technology like range finders, ballistic calculators, better optics, more precision rifles and equipment, longer shots to well past 500 yards have become relatively easy.
I personally know someone who is a skilled long range shooter to distances well beyond 1K who will not shoot at game more than 600-700 yds. For myself, I will not take a shot that I don't have high confidence in making and I base that on actual shooting experience. I consider 600 yds a fairly easy and routine shot once I know the rifle and load. Beyond that, things get more complicated. Wind being the biggest factor. It there were no such thing as wind, 1 mile shots would be easy.
I can see where some regulation can be good if things are getting out of control. One of the problems with laws and regulations is once they are in place they are almost impossible to remove and society becomes more and more regulated and restricted as more laws and rules are made. Another problem is, who determines the requirements or proficiency standards? It's been my experience that this type of regulation usually does little to solve the problem. I think the best way to approach it is to encourage an attitude of responsibility in the individual.