Here is the general reasoning that most seem to agree with:
Since you're taking a sample of five rounds from each recipe group, the data collected from each group would represent a sample. In this case, it's appropriate to use the sample standard deviation to analyze the variation in the speeds within each group of five rounds.
The reason for using sample SD over population SD is rooted in the nature of your data. The population SD is used when you have data for an entire population, which means you have information for every single member of that population. However, in most practical scenarios, it's not feasible to collect data from every single item in a population. Instead, you collect a smaller subset and use statistics calculated from that sample to estimate the parameters of the larger population.
When you're analyzing the speeds of the five rounds within each group, you would calculate the sample standard deviation to understand the spread or variability in the velocities measured from those particular five rounds.
To summarize, in your scenario, use sample standard deviation for each group of five rounds because you're working with samples (not the entire population) and want to understand the variation within each specific group of rounds.