" Does Long Range have to be long distance? "
Absulutely not!!
Totally relative to size of target, shooting position (off hand, sitting supported, prone w/ bipod, ect.)
Also totally relative to cartridge, optic magnification, BC of projectile, wind effect, ect.
An 800 yd lung shot on an antelope with a 338 edge (.8+ BC) with high powered precision optics from a supported prone position on a relatively calm day is childs play.........compared to a 400 yd shot on a prarie dog with a .223 (.2 something BC) from the same position with same optics in gusty winds.
Or how about a 400 yd shot at a coyote at night with spot light, standing and leaning against the pickup.....when all you can see are the eyes and a slight outline/shadow of the body??
Or, how about a 300 yd head shot on a deer from an unsupported sitting position with grandpa's 30-30 and open sights.........or scope either one??
Again, totally relative............"Long Range" being
long distance only is BS with todays equipment and technology.
Yes, over 1/2 mile is long range for vast majority of shooters, just about any way we slice it, but that wasn't the question.