At my original height of 6'6" I was not exactly tiny and have never been overweight, so from my late teens through my sixties I never experienced any recoil that particularly bothered me. During my thirties I picked up two barely used Model 70 Winchesters, one in .257 Roberts and the other in .270 Winchester. On the local range (maximum of 300 yards) they were both capable of sub-minute of angle 5-shot groups but the .257 would regularly group a little tighter than the .270. I just assumed that it was the better of the two rifles. But this thread has me now thinking that the slight difference between the two could very well be the effect of recoil.
I've shot 3-1/2" 10 & 12 gauge shotguns, my .416 Remington Magnum and the lightweight Remington Model 600 in .350 Remington Magnum without ever breaking any blood vessels in my shoulder. But after several 5 shot groups with the .270 I'd invariably see some capillary hemorrhaging. I've not done the recoil calculation on any of those weapons & loads but suspect that the .350 Remington had the most recoil as it only weighed 2/3 of what the scoped .416 mag did. I know for a fact that the 18" barreled .350 had the most annoying muzzle blast!
But 8 years ago I blew out my right (shooting side) rotator cuff such that a normal (anatomically correct) total shoulder replacement wouldn't work. So I had to settle for a "reverse" total shoulder replacement (rTSA is the medical acronym.) With only the deltoid muscle holding the shoulder intact any attempt to raise the upper arm with a normal shoulder replacement would simply dislocate the joint. With the rTSA the ball of the joint is attached inboard to the scapula and the socket extends inward from the arm bone to meet up with the ball. That inboard point of rotation allows the deltoid muscle to hold the joint together when raising the arm. But at the time of my surgery that prosthesis had only recently been approved in this country so there wasn't any long term history to know just how durable it might prove to be and my surgeon advised me to not abuse it with very much recoil ... and I had a deer and pheasant hunt scheduled about two months post surgery! I figured my scoped Browning A-bolt had about 15 pounds of recoil with factory loads so I loaded some 160 gr Noslers at 2400 fps to reduce the recoil by about 25-30%. I chose that bullet because it had a heavier jacket than a lighter option and wouldn't expand as explosively, ruining a lot of meat. Worked out fine for 4 one-shot kills on the little Texas whitetails all at relatively close range (≤120 yards.) For the pheasants I used my 8+ pound Ruger Woodside sporting clays O/U with Briley sub-gauge tubes shooting 1 oz 20 gauge ammo.
On my followup appointment with my ortho surgeon she asked how the Texas hunt worked out and I told her that my days of competitive skeet and sporting clays competition looked to be
doomed, because my shoulder anatomy had changed so much that the mild recoil of my Ruger was enough to throw me off target on the 2nd shot (the only doubles I scored that year on pheasant were done by dismounting and remounting the gun between shots.) But darned if the doc didn't come up with a solution for me. She is a top notch knee & shoulder surgeon, sports medicine specialist and she & her husband are both shotgunners. So she knew of an outfit named EvoShield Pro that produces all manner of joint guards for athletes that are form fitted by the athlete from a gel pack that starts setting up when removed from its air-tight packaging. Takes about ten minutes to fully set so there is plenty of time to have it conformed to the joint it will be protecting. And they even made such a guard for shooters to reduce the effects of long gun recoil to the shoulder.
Unlike the shoulder pads mentioned earlier in this thread, instead of cushioning the recoil the hardened EvoShield guard spreads the recoil out over a larger part of one's anatomy. That, in my case, not only protects the shoulder prosthesis but it also serves to adapt my altered shoulder anatomy to my normal gun mount position. Ordered by shirt size, it comes with a lycra T-shirt that you order one size too small so it fits very snugly. The shirt has a sewn in pouch over the shooting shoulder that you slip the gel pack into immediately after removing it from its air-tight packaging. Then you spend ten minutes repeatedly mounting and dismounting your long gun, after which the gel pack exactly matches your body on the inbound side and your butt stock on the outer side. I used my lightweight Belgian Browning 20 gauge O/U because it's significantly lighter than the Ruger and I knew I could last through the ~100 mounts I would be performing in 10 minutes. If one were getting a Shooter's EvoShield strictly for bench rest shooting it would be a simpler process of simply setting up with the normal bench shooting gear and holding the stock in shooting position, snugly pulled into the shoulder, for ten minutes.
The Shooter's EvoShield is such a small part of their business that most of the institutional sports houses that carry EvoShield products aren't even aware of its existence. I finally found mine at the Cabela's store in Denver, bought it online and had them mail it to me. It retailed (7 years ago) for $59.99. Now I can once again quickly acquire the clay target or live bird for a second shot and more comfortably shoot my rifles.