I am retired from the Justice Department a few years back. There are two court venues in both the State and Federal system. One is Civil Court and the second is Criminal Court.
In Civil court one can file complaints, and sue for damages. The end results if you win, you either get your money back with or without the cost and interest accrued or you get a judgment against the defendant. It is a semi private affair the only government involvement is the service of papers and hearing of the facts in a court room or with an arbitrator.
In the Criminal Venue (state court) most courts have statutes for criminal fraud usually in cases of business between two private individuals is is in the form of "obtaining Property Under False Pretenses". The law enforcement agency ie: Sheriff, City/County/State do the investigation, The District Attorney Prosecutes the case. Depending on the dollar amount usually dictates if it is in Misdemeanor or Felony Court. If it crosses state lines and involves the mail, credit cards, or checks it can be investigated by the Feds ie: Postal Inspectors, or Secret Service. The U.S. Attorney's office prosecutes the case. Usually mail or wire fraud. The feds rarely would prosecute a single case. Now if there are many victims and over $250,000.00 involved, they will sometimes get involved.
Just an idea how and where these kind a problems can go.
Nat Lambeth