Hello Greyfox,
While I do not have a laboratory test equipment and chemical background...you do; and that peaks my interest for the sake of conversation AND progression of the ELR community.
From your take on test equipment and chemicals paired with reloading knowledge....what can we as reloaders and shooters in the ELR community do ourselves to even further test and "isolate" the best powder kernels of a container so that we are taking things a couple steps further past specific lot numbers as our "measuring" stick?
THEIS
While I wouldnt claim in depth knowledge of the tests and procedures used by the manufacurers, I do have a test procedure for my propellants, and am very judicious about testing whenever I buy a new, or change lots or powder with a specific rifle. While some powders have improved over the years, I do believe it's a good idea to do some form of test with each new lot of powder that is to be used in high precision long range applications. The tests I perform will use the same rifle and lot for components(brass, primer bullet) and the same recipe. I will test for:
-accuracy at 200 yards
-velocity and ES
-1000 yard drop data to confirm accuracy and drops
-temperature stability at warm(60-80F)and cold(25-35) temperature.
-visual check of kernel size and coloration.
My best results and consistency, especially since the introduction of the "Extreme" moniker has been the Hogdon powders, in particular H1000, Retumbo, H4831sc, and Varget. They have improved quite a lot compared to 6-7 years ago. Having said that, I have still found velocity variations from lot to lot requiring charge weight modifications as much as .5-2 grains, urging me to buy a sufficient lot size of powder when developing a load. I have not had the same temperature consistency from IMR or Alliant powders. I have not yet tried the newer temperature controlled Alliant or the VV powders as they are harder to come by where I live. While I know that many shooters practice blending, I'm not a proponent of this. While accuracy can be fine, I worry about velocity spreads being additive, particularly if the average velocity for each powder is not within 10-15 FPS. I have seen some indications of this. Interestingly, this was a watch out that was noted in my past chemical experience with lot blending effects. It's not a big deal for mid range work, but would be a problem at long range. I don't believe tests such as "selecting" kernels", or more appropriately termed, "chemical constituency" of the powder falls within the scope of our capabilities, and are unique to the manufacturer. As mentioned in my previous post, I am hopeful that one or more of the propellant manufacturers are motivated to perhaps look into producing "ELR" grade powders, akin to Match Grade Primers or, what the bullet manufacturers have done with long range bullet design. .