Rimfire on a budget..
I have a Marlin 917V that I bought several years ago for less than 200. It shoots fantastic! My wife and I have both shot many sub .5 moa 5 shot groups with it. The trigger isn't the best (on my specific gun / model -
really don't like the trigger ), but is much better than a stock ruger 10/22 ( Hate the stock trigger! ).
Accuracy, I'm not sure it is fair to compare a .22 with a 17hmr. In my experience, cheaper guns in 17hmr tend to outshoot cheaper guns in .22lr (by a large margin). And I like to practice with a gun that is capable of good accuracy. It will show me very quickly if I am doing little improper things while shooting (varying cheek pressure, trigger control, etc..). If I am using an inaccurate rifle, it is more difficult to see the results of my error over the standard variation of the equipment I am using.
The ammo for 17hmr does cost more than cheap .22lr ammo, but I paid around 15$ per 50 (17hmr - not too bad imho) and it shoots great in my gun. Combine that with the cheap cost of the gun, and I get to shoot 1000 rds of near half minute performance (occasional flyer) rimfire plus the cost of the gun for less than $500 total, and still have a good gun at the end of it all!
A lot of people like the CZ 17 and 22, they even have a model with easy switch barrels from 17, 22lr and 22mag. I have looked at them and been tempted!
I've shot several Anschutz (great, but expensive), Winchesters, Remingtons, Rugers and Savages in .22lr. I've seen some great 17's in the Rugers and Savages. I really liked the price of my Marlin, and maybe lucked out with it, but it shoots very well.
If you are like me, you will shoot almost any rifle, but only really like the accurate ones. I have found my Marlin (and maybe I was lucky) to be a fantastic bargain for the accuracy it delivers. I don't know if the new Marlins are as good, but I wouldn't be surprised if they were (at least close).
That being said, it (my Marlin) certainly won't be the last rim-fire I buy. There are lots of good models out there that I am sure you will be happy with.
Happy shopping! I hope you get an accurate shooter!
-Pons