The difference is in the harmonics. You still have to start with a high quality barrel as the core or all you have is a very expensive carbon fiber wrapped piece of junk.
Comparing two equally well made barrels from the same mfg, the carbon fiber barrel is going to be more consisent due to the difference in harmonics and stiffness.
Carbon fiber wrapped barresl would quickly melt from the heat of rapid fire cannons and machine guns, that's why the military doesn't use them.
I'm not sold on them but the CFW barrels do have their place, particularly in cartidges that don't have a whole lot of recoil to start with and some untility with the magnums but particularly with the latter offer some "challenges" as well.
As for the crack about the military snipers, no, there's not a sniper on earth that would trade a heavy steel barrel on a .50, .416, .375, or .338 for a light carbon fiber wrapped barrel as it would beat the hell out of them with every shot. Try looking at vrious felt recoil calculations and see how important the weight of the rifle is.
I'm not a fan of magnums in light platforms to start with but with the ultra low weight of the CF barrels felt recoil as compared to all steel barrels makes a huge difference.
The best made muzzle brake ever still can't compensate for an ultra low weight platform.