Couldn't help but smile at all the responses. As I read the OP, it was regarding a possible procedure to dislodge a bullet out in the woods where other options were non-existent. Lots of advice given on how to avoid it, or what to take with you for future situations, but no other real alternatives to be used in that particular moment.
Anyone who shoots a cap & ball muzzleloader knows the procedure for loading a rifle: powder, patch, ball. Simple, right? And yet, if you shoot one long enough there will come a time when you forget the powder. When you touch off, the sound will not be right. You will know something is wrong. A brief inspection will reveal that the pressure created by the cap (primer) was enough to start the ball down the barrel, but not enough to push it all the way through. You will have a lead ball lodged tight somewhere in your barrel. One of the easiest ways to dislodge the bullet is to remove the nipple, pour in as much black powder as you can behind the ball, screw the nipple back in, place a new cap on the nipple and fire! It generally clears the barrel the first or second time it is done.
What the OP asked was whether or not this would work in a rifle using minimal powder. If you have no back-up gun and no tools to dislodge the bullet and are unwilling to go home and start over, then the procedure first mentioned will work. Please understand, I am not recommending this procedure and it may not be ideal, but it is a viable solution. You just have to be careful and remember that black powder 'explodes' while modern gun powders 'burn' thereby having the capacity to create higher pressures.