There are a couple things that make varmints POP when hit. With conventional varmint calibers such as the 223, 22-250, 220 swift and such, you take a very fragible bullet, drive it to very high velocity and when the bullet hits, the bullet has enough kenetic energy that it causes the soft bullets to come apart nearly instantly on the target.
Its not really the kenetic energy itself that caused the P. Dog to explode but it is the Kenetic energy that causes the bullet to come apart and that act is what causes the thin skinned critter to come unglued because the bullet causes a severe hydrostatic shockwave through the animal. Their physical structure can not sustain this amount of hydrostatic shock and litereally comes apart.
The other way is to drive a large diameter bullet through the same critter. In this case, generally expansion is not nearly as dramatic but because the bullet has a MUCH larger frontal area then the smaller conventional varmint calibers, you will still see that POP on varmints. This is not be cause the bullets come part but instead because the larger frontal area bullet displaces so much physical tissue that again, that hydrostatic shock wave is present.
When you take a large diameter bullet and by that I mean from 7mm to 338 when talking about varmint hunting, and add a bit of expansion to it, you get just as dramatic kills and explosions as you would with the smaller calibers. Only at long range, generally the larger diameter bullets do even better because on average they have a higher BC and so they will retain more velocity.
At long range, the smaller caliber bullets really drop off that POP factor, even the best ones. Thats because their energy levels have dropped below the point that causes the bullets to "come apart" and as such they just penetrate as a conventional bullet would. Doing very little to make the smaller critters come apart.
But, you take that larger diameter bullet at long range, it still has that same frontal area and a good amount of retained velocity so it will displace alot more tissue much more quickly then a smaller caliber bullet will and that is why you still see the POPs at longer ranges.
In the case of the 300 WSM loaded to the nuts with a 110 or 125 gr bullet, you get a little of both worlds, dramatic expansion at closer ranges but still good pops at longer ranges.
Some would have you believe this is simply due to the fact that its used with Varming type bullets, well, out to 400 yards that may be the case but past that, the pops are not due to bullet expansion nearly as much as they are a result of bullet diameter.
To that point, the 110 gr V-Max is certainly a varmint bullet. The 125 gr Ballistic Tip IS NOT CLASSIFIED AS A VARMINT BULLET!!! Look it up on the Nosler chart. Its labled as a medium big game bullet designed for use on deer size game and it has a heavy jacket side wall design and a VERY thick base for penetration. It IS NOT designed to come apart on small game in any way. That is from Nosler not me. Now at these velocities, yes it will expand aggressively, no doubt but it is not designed as a varmint bullet as some would have you believe.
Back to long range pops. If you take any thinner jacketed 30 cal bullet or any tipped 30 cal bullet, you will get pops out to very long range on smaller game. In fact if you take any 30 cal bullet and hit a P.dog with it at 300 WSM velocities, you will get dramatic kills. The ability of the 300 WSM to make good kills has very little to do with the varmint bullets being used in it, it simply has to do with the fact its a 30 cal bullet passing through a thin skinned critter whos physical structure can not sustain the tissue displacement caused by this diameter bullet passing through it.
An example of this. I shoot varmints all the time here in Montana. Generally gophers or ground squirrels as many call them. Most of my hunting is done with handguns or small caliber center fire rifles. 22 Hornet, 218 Mashburn, 221 FB class.
We were out last summer popping gophers and at 200 yards there was a few mounds in a small area. Each mount had a couple adults and several little pups sunning themselves.
Pulled out the 221 FB shooting the 40 gr Blitzking at a hair under 3400 fps. Popped a big fat adult off the first mound. Good flip, about 2 feet in the air.
Then just for the hell of it, I pulled out my scoped Ruger Super Redhawk in 44 Mag. This is an exceptionally accurate revolver. I have shot many 6 shot groups at 150 yards that were smaller then 4" and several at 200 yards that were less then 6".
I lined her up on a big adult and let a 300 gr WFN LBT hard cast bullet rip. First shot was just over the gopher. Second landed just under trying to get the hold figured out on such a small target. That gopher hit the den but there were still others on the other mound. Lined up on a big adult who had hunkered down from the noise on top of the mound. The big, SLOW bullet simply made the gopher disappear. One minute it was there, the next it was gone. I did not see this as I was shooting but my dad watched through the spotter. In fact he said I had missed and that the gopher must have hit the den.
Just for the heck of it we walked out to the mounds. The gopher hit by the fireball was gutted pretty good but its body structure was still pretty much intact.
Then we walked over to the other mound and there was nothing but red and green on the top of the mound with bits and pieces of fur here and there. There was a big deep burrowing hole behind the mess so I dug out the fired 300 gr hard cast bullet from the soft dirt. Besides some abrasion on the nose and the rifling marks, you could have reloaded the bullet and shot it again. There was absolutely NO expansion in any way, even from penetrating more then 10" into solid packed dirt.
My point, velocity has alot to do with varmints popping at closer ranges. At longer ranges, its much more of a matter of bullet diameter and tissue displacement then velocity or bullet expansion.
You get a large diameter bullet that expands and you have the best of both worlds, you get a large diameter bullet that expands and has a high BC, you get the best of both worlds terminally and also the easiest combo to hit small targets at long range.
This 300 WSM project does very well for 2 out of the three but it severally lacks on the third aspect of the magical trifecta for long range varmint eradication.
Just my opinion, still the same as alway. If the subject was not posted over and over, we would not respond to it.......
Kirby Allen(50)