We had a very good discussion last year on these two and ballistics were posted. Since I have owned and shot both for many years I have a pretty good idea which one. The 264 is best in a hunting rifle with better ballistics and lighter recoil. Both are excellent for caribou, deer, antelope size game at longer ranges however neither are a good choice for elk size game when there are so many better choices for that. The 264 winchester has the best ballistics and with much lighter recoil can easily be shot without a brake long range. A light hunting rifle in 7mm with 168 grain and larger bullets affects a shooter more long range without a brake. This makes the 264 winchester the better choice for the game animals both are best at taking. A 264 winchester with the 140 berger will outshoot the 7mm remington with the 168 berger at the best effective ranges for these two cartridges and at the size big game animals these two are best at shooting.
This is a long range hunting site and not targets. Berger now makes the 180 grain bullet for the 7mm and does well at targets. However when shooting at game you must look at what range the particular rifle does best at shooting game. The 7mm remington can not push the 180 grain bullet fast enough to increase the best effective range of the cartridge on big game. Your only looking at bc's in the .6's even when using fragmenting vld target type bullets. Not good for shooting large big game at long range when there are much better choices in cartridges, bullets and calibers for that.
So back to the point where these two cartridges are most effective as long range hunters the 264 winchester is the best cartridge.
Bottom line is neither of these are good choices for extreme range shooting at big game animals beyond a half mile when there are so many better choices out there. What limits these two cartridges for long range hunting beyond a half mile is that there are no high bc bullets available for the purpose like we have in other better calibers for long range hunting at large big game. When the best choice is a small caliber fragmenting 180 grain target bullet at only .6's bc you need to look further for long range large big game.
I see to much stuff on here leading people in the wrong direction. There is a difference between killing stuff decisively at long range and just hitting it as you would hit a target. I have been doing this for many years and know the difference.