I had some federal brass for my .300win and the necks were harder than anything I've ever experienced. My standard RCBS sizing die almost felt like I was running it dry. The expander on the way out ripped the shell out of the shell holder. That was on once fired factory stuff.
It needed to be annealed. The neck and shoulder get work-hardened pretty quickly for some reason with Federal brass.
I just anneal it before I reload it and it isn't an issue.
C is there any way you can get a caliper on it to measure the thickness of the brass in the shoulder? It looks awfully thin in your picture.
As others have said the Federal brass I've used in the past tended to be pretty hard and annealing is very much necessary with it but it looks to me like that isn't the only problem here.
Had it happen in 223 a few times. Reason it happened, i can guess.
1 The dies are over working the brass, making it brittle. Change to FL bushing die.
2. Brass stretching on firing. Learn to control sizing, using a comparator.
3. Brass became brittle when coming in contact with a chemical. Google "stress corrosion cracking" and "dezincification". This would be when cleaning the brass. Keep the cat pan away for loading area. Ammonia and vinegar are bad.