Chamber reamers (well, any reamer) is what's called a form cutter. It can do nothing other than cut the hole to the dimensions of the reamer. The words "tight chamber" get thrown around a lot, and they're pretty meaningless. You can have tight
headspace, but the chamber will
always cut to the precise dimensions of the reamer.
You could theoretically have a situation where the smith cuts the tenon short of the specified length, which would result in a shorter chamber depth- and excessive case protrusion from the breech in order to obtain proper headspace.
I opened the bolt and pushed a piece of brass into the chamber with my finger, I was looking/feeling for contact on the shoulder of the case with the front of the chamber. Instead the case got tight and would not go further into the chamber or come back out.
I'm curious about this. How far did the case go into the chamber? This would have had to be really obvious for you to notice it.
If I had to guess with the limited information presented, I would focus on the necks of your Lapua brass.
The reamer cut a .323 neck (assuming it was SAAMI per the print above). It would be unlikely that your brass- with no boolit even in the neck to expand it- would exceed that diameter but if you have a mike or calipers to measure I'd start there.
FYI...
"Dummy rounds" are used when a customer wants a chamber tailored to specific brass dimensions and a specific bullet/seating depth/jump.
If a customer handed me a piece of virgin brass, when I'm supposed to cut a SAAMI chamber I'd ask why.
A dummy round can be used as the basis for a custom reamer- including specific neck dimensions/clearances (turn/no turn, type/thickness of brass), as well as freebore. The .284 Win chamber has zero freebore, but does have a longer than usual, shallow angle throat- a "typical" throat is 1.5 degrees, the .284 is about half of that. So, you end up being able to seat bullets further out than if it were a 1.5 degree throat, but not nearly as much as if you probably will
need.
You said you told the smith the bullet you were going to use- what is it??
The fact that you're building on a LA, would indicate to me that you plan on using heavy bullets- if not, you could've stuck with a 2.8" OAL and a short action. So, if that's the case a SAAMI chamber and throat- makes zero sense, you'll never be able to seat that bullet out in the case to take advantage of the long action. When a custom neck isn't needed, I'll chamber with a SAAMI reamer and throat it separately to get the needed freebore for the bullet. Entirely possible the smith knows the freebore needed to run your selected bullet- but you never mentioned him stating that he would need to throat it longer?
You should question the smith as to what reamer he used, and whether he throated your chamber to facilitate your bullet selection. If not, I'd be suspect he didn't do "right" by you.