This has happened to me when I chambered the then new 300WSM case in 25 cal, the 25 Pronghorn it was called.
The simple fact is that the powder just doesn't burn normally, it starts to burn, fizzles out, doesn't seal the chamber then the charge goes off with a bang.
We think what's happening is that the bullet leaves the case, then the gases are able to get around the bullet and pressurise between case and chamber.
I see your case looks exactly like mine did, sooted all the way to the case head and a large dent below the shoulder. The only powder we didn't have this happen with were double base powders like RE22 and RE25, most single base powders did this with start and middle loads for us, H4831 being the worst of the lot...I know longer buy this powder as over the pressure trace it was a poor performer for me, never got the velocity it should have at the pressures given.
I built 2 identical rifles in 25 Pronghorn, neither of them lasted 12 months before the barrels were pulled.
Cheers.