It seems to me the title is somewhat misleading, as ungulate anatomy is essentially fixed. The disruption of vital systems via projectiles of diverse construction and how to exploit their greatest terminal effect appears to be the topic. It's been hashed over for decades on this site and others, and often quite passionately. We are fortunate to live in a world with dozens of great bullets to chose from. My wish would be to have a bullet that can withstand a close range shot as well as a long range shot, all the while with consistent terminal ballistics, little wind drift, and stellar accuracy. A tall order indeed.
My priorities are: accuracy, high BC, and then terminal effect; in that order. My requirements may not be the same as other hunters. This prioritization comes down to can I put the bullet exactly where I want, if (read always) my wind call is off, can that elevated BC make up for my mistake, and lastly, if both of the above are less than expected, will the terminal effect be of enough significance to anchor the target.
When Berger came into the hunting scene with VLD's in the 90's I believe, the high shoulder shot was "advocated" for long(er) range shots. This allowed your elevation on a broadside shot to have the smaller window, while the windage a larger window. All of this while the VLD's penetrating a couple inches or so then coming apart violently, disrupting locomotion, nervous, vascular, or respiratory systems; either some or even all. In my experience this has been the exact case for LR shots, regardless of bullet manufacture. Closer range shots (0-200 for me) head, neck, or pocket. 300-500 pocket, then further out higher shoulder for the greater windage error window. Any more, I just shoot what is the most accurate, and then make everything else work around that. I DO start with a "known" hunting bullet and go from there. The limit for me is where the terminal velocity begins to get around the 1800-ish mark. That gives the projectile the best chance to do it's part. Sorry for the dissertation.