Ok, I promise I mention this just for safety and not to nit pic or argue with anyone. I'm also reading this thread because I'm truly interested in the topic and have the same issues/concerns as others, since I now have several braked rifles. My concern is that if I understand JE Customs comments correctly about muzzle brakes technically not being any louder (only perceived so) that a person could infer they would risk no more damage to their hearing with a brake than without one.
(btw...I don't know JE, I have no issue with him, and don't recall ever even reading any of his posts before, although I'm sure I have. As with everyone here, until proven different, I'll assume he's a 100% top-notch, super guy who's likely way smarter than me on many things. I just have a slight concern with what he said this one time in this one thread). First of all, JE prudently suggested everyone always wear hearing protection (he wasn't suggesting unprotected shooting ever), but if you are like me and haven't become disciplined enough to always use it
while hunting, it seems you could potentially read his statement and think a braked rifle was really no harder on your ears. We can all maybe do some more research, but I just want to say "caution" before everyone reading this thread accepts that statement as gospel. He may be 100% right, however, the data I've looked at doesn't agree, and indeed shows brakes are significantly louder (sometimes more than 2x louder), both physically measured and in their actual ability to permanently damage your hearing. Another odd disconnect between JE's data and most elsewhere is he mentions readings in the range of 105-110 db, while most other sources show readings more at the 150-160db range near the shooter position (a massive difference that may have an explanation, but it doesn't seem obvious to me yet). I'm open minded, and here to learn, and he may be right, and I may have misunderstood, but for now, I'm skeptical...
These are by no means conclusive, but here are a few seemingly reputable sources that state brakes are significantly, measurably louder and more harmful to a shooter (not just perceived louder)
First, from precision rifle blog:
http://precisionrifleblog.com/2015/08/07/muzzle-brakes-sound-test/
(follow link to full article and all the details)
View attachment 80855
Not saying Cal's (the author) equipment or method was any better than JE Custom, since I don't know the details of the latter, but they obviously aren't in agreement. I also know that for a very short-impulse, loud noise like a gunshot, you typically need more specialized equipment than just a basic $300-$500 decibel meter that most of us might grab/borrow. Cal mentions $10,000+ equipment being required...I don't know what JE used (again, not casting stones, just saying not all data points appear to agree on this, nor on db range observed).
#2: Older but very scientific source:
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/838748.pdf
See chapter 9 where they discuss the physical human effects.
One quote from Ch 9, using the fairly mild M-16 as an example:
"The standard Ml6 rifle's peak pressure level is 154 dB at the right-handed gunner's left ear. A conventional muzzle-brake, although effective in the reduction of recoil impulse, increased the peak sound-pressure level (SPL) to over 160 dB."
Remember dB are logarithmic, so to most people that would sound approximately 50% louder, and it is a real, scientifically measured difference, that is more stressful on the ear.
#3 Last one for now (2012 Army Research Lab Research Paper):
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a573840.pdf
from page 7:
"Maximizing a weapon's lethality requires increased interior guntube pressures, higher muzzle velocities, and more rearward-deflecting muzzle brakes—all of which cause increased sound pressure levels at the operators' positions."
Again, not saying JE Custom isn't right, I'm just saying before I run out and shoot a braked gun unprotected while hunting like I have some of my unbraked ones for decades, it seems I might truly be risking hearing damage more than I think. Three quick articles isn't proof, however, I've just shown some of the examples that (at least for me) make me skeptical enough of muzzle brakes to believe they really may be worse for my ears and should be treated more cautiously than an unbraked gun. Obviously, as JE suggests, always having hearing protection in/on is the safest route with any gun, any time. However, until I get better habits and better equipment that I'm comfortable using while hunting, I'll probably continue to take the occasional unprotected hunting shot without a brake, but for now I'll at least try my best to not do that with a braked rifle. I'll, at a minimum, try to continue to take off the brake for hunting situations (re-zeroed), and hopefully I'll just force myself to purchase and use some of those high-tech electronic hearing protection products for all my hunting, which would obviously be even better. Just like tonight, I had an unexpected chance on a coyote driving home on my property, and the closest gun was a braked gun, without super-quick hearing protection handy (I wasn't hunting). Tempting shot to take, but it just reminded me, I at least need to get that brake off when not target shooting, and better yet, work harder at having something quick and simple handy for protection, especially since I have one of those "worse case"/noisiest brakes precision rifle blog mentions that is "supposedly" over twice as loud as not having the brake on. Your mileage may vary...