These two pics illustrate to me, at least, how, why and where a carbon ring develops in my barrel. This rifle is my 6.5-284 Norma, stock Savage w/Lothar Walther pre-fit.
The first photo is with a cartridge case in the chamber with the bolt locked down. The case was prepped fully; meaning it has been trimmed as all the reloading manuals suggest; 2.160" (max OAL of 2.170" - .010"). This particular case is actually a bit shy of 2.160" and is at 2.1595". This encourages me to let my brass "grow" longer than 2.170" as it would actually fit the chamber better lengthwise. I can only surmise that this would allow the carbon ring to develop a bit further forward, like not in the chamber portion.
The second photo is oriented 180* from the first with chamber being on top. This was taken after one cleaning with bore scrubber for the barrel and does nothing, that I can see, for the carbon ring in ones chamber.
It took "several" sessions with nylon brushes (.24-.28"), patches, JB Bore Cleaning paste, carbon killer and SeaFoam. These (carbon ring) are not impossible to remove but sure are a PITA.
I don't have a pic of it completely clean but it is now. I have gone through all my brass, but have not trimmed. Once I learn what the MAX OAL of my brass can be then I'll go from there.
Hope this helps.