I know that down-range KE is what it takes to knock over the target, but a rather simple test is what is the KE at the muzzle? If any particular cartridge doesn't match or exceed the so-called "Gold Standard" cartridge, 7mm-08 with a 140 gr. (or heavier) bullet at the muzzle then it for sure won't have enough KE down-range unless it's self-propelled.
Then I am looking at what the recoil energy of different cartridges is in same weight rifles. The steelchickens forum really put this into perspective (thanks for that link!). Yeah, you probably can shoot a .460 Wby in a match and be sure to knock over the targets, but you're going to fire it 40 times in one match. What are the odds of you even hitting that 40th target after 39 punishing shots? Match Fatigue will certainly set in and reduce your score. It is a balancing act between enough power to knock over the targets while not having punishing recoil. In the match that we watched one guy was using a .257 Wby. He was new to the game and using the only rifle that he had. He was also pretty done before they got to the rams. I do not recall his even pinging one of them, clean misses on all five shots.
At first I didn't understand the interest in Momentum. KE and Momentum are calculated using the same two variables, mass and velocity, but then I began to see why the interest in Momentum over KE. In KE the velocity is very dominant in the result where in Momentum they are equally weighted. I did a simple spreadsheet experiment that showed me this. Using the velocity numbers posted just above I calculated both M & KE for the 147. Then using the KE as the desired match I backed out the required velocity needed for a 120gr. (This assumed the velocity decay rate would be the same, which it would not be, but for the desired purpose that wouldn't matter.) By 'adjusting' the velocity of the 120 to deliver the same KE as the 147 at each distance the Momentum suffered. Momentum of the 147 at 600 yards is 291,765, but the Momentum of the 120 at 600 yards is 263,613 even though they both have the same KE at that distance. It was at this point where the Momentum light bulb went on.
Take a garbage truck and and a kid on a bicycle. Their velocities are such that they both have the same KE, but their Momentums differ greatly. Which would you rather be hit by?