Most ar's come overgassed (larger gas port than is necessary) for reliability in any condition with any ammo (including underpowered factory ammo)
A properly gassed ar should eject the brass cases from 3:30- 4:30 o'clock position--- if the brass is going 90° to the side or forward of that then it may be overgassed and need an adjustable gas block--- you can band-aid it by using a heavier buffer but that wont fix the overgassed problem, just slow down the rearward momentum of the carrier.
Your gas tube length will be dictated by the location of the has port on the barrel -- pistol, carbine, mid, rifle, &extended (extended systems are usually proprietary to the manufacture)
Any gas block can be used, as long as the ID is the same as the OD of the barrel journal
Adjustable gas blocks can be adjusted from full open, to full closed to regulate the amount of gas exerted on the gas system.
Any buffer/stock can be used as long as the componants match - ex: rifle buffer must be used with rifle buffer tube and spring & carbine buffer must be used with carbine tube and spring BUT you don't have to use a rifle buffer system with rifle length gas system as they operate independently of the other (but in conjunction)
Short ar barrels on light ar's will compound accuracy issues due to muzzle jump-- I have a 308w AR that weighs about 6.5 pounds with optics-- it takes quite a bit to manage the muzzle jump and get the gas fine tuned for accuracy
Also make sure the barrel is not copper fouled, people tend to shoot more rounds than they realize through an ar and often times the barrels are copper fouled.