Not that there are any scientific studies, but looking for opinions. I have an ample supply of both, but my 6.5x284 barrel is perhaps more precious and I'd rather start with my best "shot" at long range accuracy first, rather than burn through much more throat. I am throated reasonable long, though not extremely. I can get to the lands before I run out of magazine in my LA Savage action. Its a 28" Proof Research CF wrapped barrel if that matters. I have Norma MRP, Retumbo, Ramshot Magnum, H1000, H4831SC, VV N570, and Stabal HD for powder. Oh, and RL-26, but that's what I used for break-in and I was not happy with my ES at all.
For me long range would be on game perhaps out to 800 yards. I'd don't much get off on shooting rocks at a mile. Guess I might if I ever had a gun that could do that!!!!