I believe that most tracers ignite about 50 to 75 yards outside of the barrel.
I do not think that the fire material ignites until it gets exposed to fast moving air.
Tracer rounds are constructed with a hollow base filled with a pyrotechnic flare material. In US and NATO standard ammunition this is ussually a mixture of magnesium perchlorate and strontium salts, which yields a bright red light. Russian and Chinese tracer ammunition generates green light rather than red, using boron or copper salts instead of strontium salts, and may include white phosphorus instead of magnesium as the pyrotechnic material depending upon where and when it was made.