It takes someone with knowledge and effort to grade wood. This person may travel all over the US and possibly the world seeking the finest grain wood.
The wood is purchased is cut into blanks for a given firearm. The best wood is separated for higher-end firearms all the lower grade for lower prices.
Custom made firearms like the ones made in the UK, the wood is hand-shaped and hand carved. Working with wood is a very labor-intensive process.
Polymer stocks or plastics stocks are made by a method called molded injected plastic.
Polymer pellets are melted and injected into several molds simultaneously to create the stocks. Several hundred stocks an hour can be produced in this way. Mass production bring down the cost of a product.
Are wood stocks bad for firearms? Of course not wood stocks have been used in firearms for hundreds and hundreds of years.
The reason for the transition to polymers dogs is partly due to environmentalists who are pushing to save the forest and save the trees. Manufacturers also realize that mass production of plastic stocks can make more money than wood stocks.
So how do you sell it to the hunters who are used to wood stocks on their firearms?
By selling them the idea that plastic stocks are lighter, reduce weight, resistant to scratches, nicks, dents and that you would get on a wood stock.
And you introduce camouflage patterns on the plastic stock which eventually creep to the receiver and barrel.
Do we really need camouflage on rifles? No. It's just another selling point to trap the unsuspecting hunter into spending more.
I have photos of my dad's side of the family hunting in New Mexico during the 1940s and 50s. None of them have camouflage rifles and none of them have plastic stocks on the rifles.
The manufacturers are making a fortune on rifles with polymer stock because polymer stocks are extremely cheap to make yet they're charging us the same amount of money if not more for the same product.
Polymer pellets for rifle stock is a $1.35/ton. So how many rifle stocks do you suppose they can make with 2000 pounds of polymer. And with a method of molded injected plastics how many rifle stocks do you think they can make on a given shift?
Personal preference.