TnTom,
The problem here is one of cartridge designation, and yeah, it's largely "our" (American's) screwup. The Europeans have a very specific method of cartridge designation; bore diameter and case length (in millimeters), with an added "R" for a rimmed cartridge. 6.5x55, 7x57, 7.62x54R. If I'm describing a 7x57 and a 7x57R, you understand exactly what the differences are between the two, based on the European system. Here in the US we never really settled on a standard method of cartridge designation. We've used caliber, charge weight and bullet weight, as in .45/70/405, shortened that (sometimes) to caliber and charge, i.e. 45/70, or .30-30. We've used designations that had nothing to do with either, as in 38/40, and we've used year of adoption, such as .30-'03 and .30-'06. When we get into strictly commercial cartridges or those standardized by wildcatters, anything goes, and it usually has more to do with marketing or sales appeal. Jim Carmichael likes to name his cartridges after cats; the 6.5 Bobcat, the 260 Panther and the 22 CHeetah being well known examples. Bottom line is, there's no real standardization here, and that leads to a lot of confusion. But hey, it DOES give our cartridges a lot more style and flair!
There's a few exceptions to these basic guidelines, but they're relatively few and far between. Most of those exceptions are truly bastardized rarities, and have never been adapted to sporting use.
The following are some of the more common bores that you'll find in both European and Imperial measurments. Some, like the .257" and the .375" aren't really used much with meteric designations, while others aren't normally seen listed in Imperial units, like the .366". Basic list goes like this;
5.5mm = .224"
6mm = .243"
6.5mm = .264"
6.8mm = .277"
7mm = .284"
7.62mm = .308"
8mm = .323"
8.6mm = .338"
9mm = .355"
9.3mm = .366"
Hope this helps!